KVM: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

Aus Xinux Wiki
Zur Navigation springen Zur Suche springen
 
(110 dazwischenliegende Versionen von 7 Benutzern werden nicht angezeigt)
Zeile 1: Zeile 1:
 +
=Grundlagen=
 +
*[[QEMU,KVM,libvirt]]
 +
*[[KVM Grundlagen]]
 +
=Dokumentation=
 +
*https://libvirt.org/docs.html
 
=Installation=
 
=Installation=
=[http://docs.fedoraproject.org/de-DE/Fedora/12/html/Virtualization_Guide/sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages-Installing_KVM_packages_on_an_existing_Fedora_system.html Fedora KVM]=
+
*[[KVM Installation]]
 +
=Virtual Machine Manager=
 +
*[[Virtual Machine Manager]]
  
==Vorbereitung==
+
=Virsh=
Testen ob VT Unterstützung der CPU vorhanden ist
+
*[[Virsh]]
egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
 
0 bedeutet keine Unterstützung
 
1 (oder mehr) Unterstützung vorhanden
 
==Basis Pakete==
 
  apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin ubuntu-vm-builder bridge-utils virtinst
 
  apt-get install ssh-askpass
 
  
==Verifizieren der Installation==
 
virsh -c qemu:///system list
 
Id Name                Status
 
----------------------------------
 
==Installation des Virtmanagers(GUI)==
 
apt-get install virt-manager
 
==Installation des Linux capabilities tools==
 
apt-get install libcap2-bin
 
==Netzwerk mit Bridgefunktion==
 
auto lo
 
iface lo inet loopback
 
 
auto eth0
 
iface eth0 inet manual
 
 
auto br0
 
iface br0 inet static
 
        address 192.168.240.101
 
        netmask 255.255.240.0
 
        gateway 192.168.240.100
 
        bridge_ports eth0
 
        bridge_stp off
 
        bridge_fd 1
 
        bridge_maxwait 12
 
  
Damit libvirt-bin automatisch start muss man in der Datei /etc/default/libvirt-bin die Option start_libvirtd auf "yes" setzen.
+
=Virt=
vi /etc/default/libvirt-bin
+
*[[virt-clone]]
start_libvirtd="yes"
+
*[[virt-viewer]]
 +
*[[virt-top]]
 +
*[[libguestfs-tools]]
  
=Domain-Installation=
+
=Examples=
 +
*[[Konvertierung eines VirtualBox Images und anbinden an eine Virtuelle Maschnine]]
  
 +
=Cluster=
 +
*[[virsh-cluster]]
 +
*[[Libvirt PCS]]
  
virt-install --connect qemu:///system --name orion --ram 1024 --disk path=/dev/data/orion \
+
=Welche Produkte nutzen KVM=
--cdrom /isos/ubuntu-10.04-server-amd64.iso --vnc --noautoconsole  --os-type linux --accelerate --network=bridge:br0
+
*[[Welche Produkte nutzen KVM]]
 +
=Qemu Agent=
 +
*[[Qemu Agent]]
 +
*[[Virtio Treiber]]
  
{|border=1
+
=Linux handling=
|name
+
*[[Linux bridge-utils]]
|Name der Domain
+
*[[Libvirt Openvswitch]]
|-
+
*[[linux vlan]]
|disk
+
*[[macvlan]]
|Diese Images werden in die Domain eingebunden. Es können mehrere Disks eingebunden werden, sowie weitere Optionen getrennt mit Leerzeichen gemacht werden.
+
*[[LVM]]
|-
 
|ram
 
|Zu Verfügung stehender Arbeitspeicher der Domain
 
|-
 
|os-type
 
|linux, windows, solaris etc.
 
|-
 
|os-variant
 
|ubuntukarmic, winxp etc.
 
|-
 
|hvm
 
|Gebraucht full virtualization.
 
|-
 
|accelerate
 
|Benutze kvm oder KQEMU, wenn vorhanden.
 
|-
 
|import
 
|Die Installation ist bereits im Disk-Image enthalten.
 
|-
 
|vnc
 
|Aktiviert VNC-Display und öffnete einen beliebigen Port >5000, falls nicht --vncport angegeben ist.
 
|-
 
|vncport
 
|Setzt den Port für VNC fest.
 
|}
 
  
=Handling=
+
=KVM Images=
This command outputs the guest's XML configuration file to standard out (stdout).
+
*[[KVM Images]]
You can save the data by piping the output to a file. An example of piping the output to a file called guest.xml:
+
=Libivirt=
 +
*[[Libvirt Directories]]
 +
*[[Libvirt TLS]]
 +
*[[Libvirt SSH]]
 +
*[[Libvirt Client]]
  
virsh dumpxml GuestID > guest.xml
 
  
 +
=Tools=
 +
*[[qemu-img]]
 +
=Nested Virtualiziation=
 +
*[[How to enable nested virtualization in KVM]]
 +
*[[Proxmox in KVM]]
 +
*[[KVM Nested Client]]
  
 +
=KVM Lösungen=
 +
*[[Ganeti]]
 +
*[[Proxmox]]
 +
*[[Ovirt]]
 +
*[[Foreman]]
 +
=KVM loging und debuging=
 +
*[[KVM loging und debugging]]
  
* [[Domain-Administration]]
+
=Xming=
 
+
*[[Xming]]
= Migration zu neuem Host =
+
=CGroups=
virsh migrate --live <GuestName> <DestinationURL>
+
*[[cgroups]]
 
+
*https://libvirt.org/cgroups.html
Beispiel:
+
*https://www.berrange.com/posts/2009/12/03/using-cgroups-with-libvirt-and-lxckvm-guests-in-fedora-12/
# virsh migrate --live galactica qemu+ssh://test2.example.com/system
+
=FAQ=
 
+
*http://wiki.libvirt.org/page/FAQ
=Autostart =
 
virsh atutostart <domain>
 
virsh atutostart <domain> --disable
 
=An/Aus=
 
Connecten auf Hypervisor
 
virsh -c qemu+ssh://''SERVER''/system
 
In Konsole eingeben
 
 
 
Zum starten:
 
start ''VM''
 
Zum virtuellen Stecker rausziehn:
 
destroy ''VM''
 
Nach Installation von '''acpid''' auf ''VM''
 
 
 
Normales herunterfahren:
 
shutdown ''VM''
 
 
 
=Configure a Serial Console in the Guest=
 
==Enable on the VM==
 
 
 
cat /etc/init/ttyS0.conf
 
 
 
# ttyS0 - getty
 
#
 
# This service maintains a getty on ttyS0 from the point the system is
 
# started until it is shut down again.
 
 
start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
 
stop on runlevel [!2345]  
 
 
respawn
 
exec /sbin/getty -L 115200 ttyS0 xterm
 
 
 
Run the following command to initiate the Serial Console (or restart the VM):
 
 
 
sudo start ttyS0
 
 
 
==Connect on Host to VM==
 
 
 
console VM
 
00:50:56:00:31:f9
 
 
 
=Virtuelle MACAdresse vergeben=
 
 
 
gaius=KVM server
 
 
 
virsh console XXXXXXX
 
VM:    cp /etc/udev/rules./70-persistent.net(cd).rules 70-persistent.net(cd).rules.orig
 
VM:    herunterfahren...
 
gaius:  vi /etc/libvirt/qemu/XXXXXX.xml
 
 
 
-> MAC eintragen
 
 
 
gaius:    virsh define XXXXXXXX
 
gaius:    virsh start XXXXXXXX
 
 
 
-> TESTEN
 
 
 
=Images umwandeln=
 
*http://qemu-buch.de/de/index.php/QEMU-KVM-Buch/_Speichermedien/_Konvertieren_von_Image-Dateien
 
 
 
 
 
===img zu qcow2===
 
qemu-img -f raw -O qcow2 input.img output.qcow2
 
 
 
===4 unterstützten VirtBox-Typen:===
 
 
 
- .vdi      [ VirtualBox Disk Image ]
 
 
 
- .vmdk    [ Virtual Machine Disk ]
 
 
 
- .vhd      [ Virtual Hard Disk ]
 
 
 
- .hhd      [ Parallels Hard Disk ]
 
 
 
 
 
das ist falsch .... wer hat es geschrieben?
 
 
 
'''umwandeln VirtB. zu KVM'''
 
 
 
qemu-img convert "source".vmdk -O qcow2 "target".qemu
 
qemu-img convert "source".hhd -O qcow2 "target".qemu
 
qemu-img convert "source".vhd -O qcow2 "target".qemu
 
qemu-img convert "source".vdi -O qcow2 "target".qemu
 
 
 
'''RAW (for VirtualBox)'''
 
 
 
qemu-img convert "source".vmdk -O raw "target".img
 
 
 
'''umwandeln VirtB. zu VirtB. (vdi-vmdk)'''
 
 
VBoxManage clonehd "source".vdi "target".vmdk --format VMDK
 
 
 
=LVM in VMDK umwandeln=
 
lvcreate -L592M -s -n myvolume /dev/myvg/myvolume_snapshot
 
qemu-img convert /dev/myvg/myvolume_snapshot -O vmdk myvolume.vmdk
 
 
 
 
 
== RAW Image mounten ==
 
 
 
Ein Raw Image ist ein einfaches Abbild einer Festplatte. Daher lässt es sich auch relativ leicht und ohne größere Umwege einhängen.
 
 
 
<pre>
 
losetup /dev/loop0 foo.img
 
kpartx -av /dev/loop0
 
mount /dev/mapper/loop0p1 /mnt
 
[arbeiten durchführen...]
 
unmount /mnt
 
kpartx -dv /dev/loop0
 
losetup -d /dev/loop0
 
</pre>
 
 
 
== QCOW2 Image mounten ==
 
 
 
Ein dynamisches QCOW2 Image kann im System nicht mehr einfach so gemounted werden. Dafür kann man einen Umweg über NBD (Network Block Device) nehmen. Damit wird das gewünschte Image als Network Block Device gestartet und eingehängt.
 
 
 
<pre>
 
modprobe nbd max_part=8
 
qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 disk.img
 
mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt
 
</pre>
 
 
 
disconnecten
 
qemu-nbd --d /dev/nbd0
 
== snapshot and backup ==
 
list
 
zerkling:~# virsh list
 
  Id    Name                          State
 
----------------------------------------------------
 
  13    nog                            running
 
  16    crass                          running
 
snapshot list
 
virsh snapshot-list crass
 
  Name                Creation Time            State
 
------------------------------------------------------------
 
show active image
 
grep "source file" /etc/libvirt/qemu/crass.xml
 
      source file='/b-one/kvm/crass.img'
 
make snapshot
 
virsh snapshot-create-as crass 1  "crass-1" --disk-only --atomic
 
show active image
 
grep "source file" /etc/libvirt/qemu/crass.xml
 
      source file='/b-one/kvm/crass.1'
 
blockpull image
 
virsh blockpull --wait --domain crass /b-one/kvm/crass.1
 
snapshot list
 
virsh snapshot-list crass
 
Name                Creation Time            State
 
------------------------------------------------------------
 
1                    2013-03-21 23:50:03 +0100 disk-snapshot
 
delete snapshot
 
virsh snapshot-delete crass 1 --metadata
 
Domain snapshot 1 deleted
 
backup image
 
cp  /b-one/kvm/crass.img /bucket-save/
 
 
 
== Snapshot==
 
*http://kashyapc.wordpress.com/2013/01/22/live-backup-with-external-disk-snapshots-and-libvirts-blockpull/
 
 
 
== Weitere Infos ==
 
 
 
* http://blog.loftninjas.org/2008/10/27/mounting-kvm-qcow2-qemu-disk-images/
 
* http://doku.corvent.ch/doku.php/linux/kvm
 
  
 
= Links =
 
= Links =
 +
*https://libvirt.org/
 +
*https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page
 +
*https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Virtualization_Administration_Guide/index.html
  
* http://qemu-buch.de/d/Speichermedien/_Konvertieren_von_Image-Dateien
+
=Misc=
* http://equivocation.org/node/107
+
*https://wiki.libvirt.org/page/UbuntuKVMWalkthrough
* http://blog.dustinkirkland.com/2008/10/mounting-kvm-disk-image.html
+
*http://rabexc.org/posts/how-to-get-started-with-libvirt-on
 
+
*http://blog.loftninjas.org/2008/10/27/mounting-kvm-qcow2-qemu-disk-images/
 
+
*http://doku.corvent.ch/doku.php/linux/kvm
==snapshot==
+
*http://qemu-buch.de/d/Speichermedien/_Konvertieren_von_Image-Dateien
http://kashyapc.wordpress.com/2013/01/22/live-backup-with-external-disk-snapshots-and-libvirts-blockpull/
+
*http://equivocation.org/node/107
Huang Wenlong 2011-09-26 03:14:09 EDT
+
*http://blog.dustinkirkland.com/2008/10/mounting-kvm-disk-image.html
 
+
*http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/KVM
Verify it with libvirt-0.9.4-13.el6.x86_64
+
*https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Access
 
+
*http://blog.programster.org/kvm-cheatsheet
 
 
1. define a persistent domain named "snap"with qcow2 disks
 
2. create a snapshot for domain snap
 
# virsh snapshot-create snap
 
3.
 
virsh # snapshot-list snap
 
Name                Creation Time            State
 
------------------------------------------------------------
 
1317020538          2011-09-26 15:02:18 +0800 shutoff
 
 
 
4.virsh # undefine snap
 
error: Failed to undefine domain snap
 
error: Requested operation is not valid: cannot delete inactive domain with 1 snapshots
 
 
 
5. virsh undefine --snapshots-metadata snap
 
Domain snap has been undefined
 
 
 
4. check snapshot metadata (no metadata)
 
# ls /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/snapshot/snap
 
5. define a new domain with the same name, but different UUID
 
6. check snapshot for domain test:
 
# virsh snapshot-list snap
 
Name                Creation Time            State
 
---------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=735457
 
 
 
=Links=
 
==qemu-monitor==
 
http://blog.vmsplice.net/2011/03/how-to-access-qemu-monitor-through.html
 
 
 
= Links =
 
* http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/KVM
 
* https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Access
 

Aktuelle Version vom 4. Dezember 2023, 12:01 Uhr

Grundlagen

Dokumentation

Installation

Virtual Machine Manager

Virsh


Virt

Examples

Cluster

Welche Produkte nutzen KVM

Qemu Agent

Linux handling

KVM Images

Libivirt


Tools

Nested Virtualiziation

KVM Lösungen

KVM loging und debuging

Xming

CGroups

FAQ

Links

Misc