Systemd systemctl: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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=== aktivieren/deaktivieren systemstart ===
+
=Example=
−
*systemctl enable
+
*cat /etc/systemd/system/chat.service
−
*systemctl disable  
+
<pre>
−
*systemctl is-enabled
+
[Unit]
−
=== service steuern ===
+
Description=chat service
−
*systemctl start
+
After=network.target syslog.target
−
*systemctl stop
+
 
−
*systemctl status
+
[Service]
−
*systemctl reload
+
Type=simple
−
*systemctl restart
+
ExecStart=/bin/bash -c "/bin/ncat -l -p 3333 > /tmp/chat.log"
−
=== service files anzeigen ===
+
User=root
 +
 
 +
[Install]
 +
WantedBy=multi-user.target
 +
</pre>
 +
 
 +
=Systemctl=
 +
==Edit==
 +
*systemctl edit chat.service --full
 +
==Daemon Reload==
 +
*systemctl daemon-reload
 +
 
 +
==Start==
 +
*systemctl start chat.service
 +
==Stop==
 +
*systemctl stop chat.service
 +
==Enable==
 +
*systemctl enable chat.service
 +
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chat.service to /etc/systemd/system/chat.service.
 +
==Disable==
 +
*systemctl disable chat.service
 +
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chat.service.
 +
==Reload==
 +
*systemctl reload chat.service
 +
 
 +
==Restart==
 +
*systemctl restart chat.service
 +
 
 +
==Is enabled==
 +
*systemctl is-enabled chat.service
 +
disabled
 +
==Mask==
 +
*systemctl mask  apache2.service
 +
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/apache2.service to /dev/null.
 +
 
 +
==Unmask==
 +
*systemctl unmask  apache2.service
 +
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/apache2.service.
 +
 
 +
==Status==
 +
*systemctl status  chat.service
 +
<pre>
 +
● chat.service - chat service
 +
  Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/chat.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 +
  Active: active (running) since Di 2017-10-24 16:20:26 CEST; 17s ago
 +
Main PID: 10949 (bash)
 +
  CGroup: /system.slice/chat.service
 +
          ├─10949 /bin/bash -c /bin/netcat -l -p 3333 > /tmp/chat.log
 +
          └─10951 /bin/netcat -l -p 3333
 +
 
 +
Okt 24 16:20:26 bajor.xinux.lan systemd[1]: Started chat service.
 +
</pre>
 +
 
 +
==List Dependencies==
 +
*systemctl list-dependencies apache2
 +
<pre>
 +
apache2.service
 +
● ├─system.slice
 +
● ├─network-online.target
 +
● │ ├─networking.service
 +
● │ └─NetworkManager-wait-online.service
 +
● └─sysinit.target
 +
●  ├─apparmor.service
 +
●  ├─brltty.service
 +
●  ├─console-setup.service
 +
...
 +
</pre>
 +
==List Units==
 
*systemctl list-units
 
*systemctl list-units
 +
<pre>
 +
UNIT                                                                                                LOAD  ACTIVE SUB      DESCRIPTION
 +
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount                                                                  loaded active running  Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point
 +
sys-devices-LNXSYSTM:00-LNXSYBUS:00-PNP0A08:00-device:02-ATK0110:00-hwmon-hwmon1.device            loaded active plugged  /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/device:02/ATK0110:00/hwmon/hwmon1
 +
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:01.0-0000:01:00.0-hwmon-hwmon0.device                                loaded active plugged  /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0/hwmon/hwmon0
 +
...
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
==List Unit Files==
 
*systemctl list-unit-files
 
*systemctl list-unit-files
 +
<pre>
 +
UNIT FILE                                  STATE 
 +
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount          static 
 +
dev-hugepages.mount                        static 
 +
dev-mqueue.mount                          static 
 +
mnt-data.mount                            enabled
 +
mnt-media.mount                            enabled
 +
proc-fs-nfsd.mount                        static 
 +
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount              static 
 +
run-rpc_pipefs.mount                      static 
 +
sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount              static 
 +
sys-kernel-config.mount                    static 
 +
sys-kernel-debug.mount                    static 
 +
acpid.path                                enabled
 +
cups.path                                  enabled
 +
systemd-ask-password-console.path          static 
 +
systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path        static 
 +
systemd-ask-password-wall.path            static 
 +
systemd-networkd-resolvconf-update.path    static 
 +
accounts-daemon.service                    enabled
 +
acpid.service                              disabled
 +
...
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
==Failed==
 
*systemctl --failed
 
*systemctl --failed
 +
<pre>
 +
0 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
 +
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
 +
</pre>
 +
==Löschen der Journalprotokolle für den spezifischen Dienst==
 +
*'''journalctl --rotate --unit ''name_des_dienstes.service'' '''
 +
*'''journalctl --vacuum-time=1s'''
  
−
=== rechner herunterfahren ===
+
==Isolate Halt ==
 
*systemctl isolate halt
 
*systemctl isolate halt
 +
==Poweroff==
 
*systemctl poweroff
 
*systemctl poweroff
 +
==Suspend==
 
*systemctl suspend
 
*systemctl suspend
 +
==Hibernate==
 
*systemctl hibernate
 
*systemctl hibernate
 +
==Reboot==
 +
*systemctl reboot
 +
 +
==List Timers==
 +
*systemctl list-timers
 +
<pre>
 +
NEXT                        LEFT          LAST                        PASSED      UNIT                        ACTIVATES
 +
Di 2017-10-24 21:12:15 CEST  4h 26min left Di 2017-10-24 14:01:54 CEST  2h 44min ago apt-daily.timer              apt-daily.service
 +
Mi 2017-10-25 14:31:55 CEST  21h left      Di 2017-10-24 14:31:55 CEST  2h 14min ago systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
 +
Mo 2017-10-30 03:05:56 CET  5 days left  Di 2017-10-24 14:36:05 CEST  2h 10min ago snapd.refresh.timer          snapd.refresh.service
 +
n/a                          n/a          Di 2017-10-24 14:18:24 CEST  2h 27min ago ureadahead-stop.timer        ureadahead-stop.service
 +
 +
4 timers listed.
 +
Pass --all to see loaded but inactive timers, too.
 +
</pre>
 +
==List Sockets==
 +
*systemctl list-sockets
 +
<pre>
 +
systemctl list-sockets
 +
LISTEN                          UNIT                            ACTIVATES
 +
/dev/rfkill                    systemd-rfkill.socket          systemd-rfkill.service
 +
/run/acpid.socket              acpid.socket                    acpid.service
 +
/run/dmeventd-client            dm-event.socket                dm-event.service
 +
/run/dmeventd-server            dm-event.socket                dm-event.service
 +
/run/lvm/lvmetad.socket        lvm2-lvmetad.socket            lvm2-lvmetad.service
 +
/run/lvm/lvmpolld.socket        lvm2-lvmpolld.socket            lvm2-lvmpolld.service
 +
...
 +
</pre>
 +
==Set Target==
 +
*systemctl -f enable multi-user.target
 +
*systemctl -f enable graphical.target
 +
==Get Default Target==
 +
*systemctl get-default
 +
graphical.target
 +
==Changing Target==
 +
*systemctl isolate  multi-user.target
 +
 +
==Set Default Target==
 +
*systemctl set-default  multi-user.target
 +
 +
==Show Targets==
 +
*systemctl list-units --type target
 +
<pre>
 +
UNIT                        LOAD  ACTIVE SUB    DESCRIPTION
 +
basic.target                loaded active active Basic System
 +
bluetooth.target            loaded active active Bluetooth
 +
ceph-mds.target            loaded active active ceph target allowing to start/stop all ceph-mds@.service instances at once
 +
ceph-mon.target            loaded active active ceph target allowing to start/stop all ceph-mon@.service instances at once
 +
...
 +
</pre>
 +
=New Stuff=
 +
*systemctl list-dependencies
 +
 +
*systemctl cat cron.service
 +
<pre>
 +
# /lib/systemd/system/cron.service
 +
[Unit]
 +
Description=Regular background program processing daemon
 +
Documentation=man:cron(8)
 +
After=remote-fs.target nss-user-lookup.target
 +
 +
[Service]
 +
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/cron
 +
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/cron -f $EXTRA_OPTS
 +
IgnoreSIGPIPE=false
 +
KillMode=process
 +
Restart=on-failure
 +
 +
[Install]
 +
WantedBy=multi-user.target
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
=fstab=
 +
*systemctl daemon-reload erzeug .mounts mit dem Namen des Mountpoints
 +
=socket=
 +
;socket starten anstatt service
 +
*beispiel cockpit=
 +
=systemctl status=
 +
*systemctl statis <PID>
 +
=systemd.analyze=
 +
Verbesserungsvorschläge
 +
*systemd-analyze security pakagekit

Aktuelle Version vom 2. Juli 2024, 07:00 Uhr

Example

  • cat /etc/systemd/system/chat.service
[Unit]
Description=chat service
After=network.target syslog.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/bin/bash -c "/bin/ncat -l -p 3333 > /tmp/chat.log"
User=root

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Systemctl

Edit

  • systemctl edit chat.service --full

Daemon Reload

  • systemctl daemon-reload

Start

  • systemctl start chat.service

Stop

  • systemctl stop chat.service

Enable

  • systemctl enable chat.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chat.service to /etc/systemd/system/chat.service.

Disable

  • systemctl disable chat.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chat.service.

Reload

  • systemctl reload chat.service

Restart

  • systemctl restart chat.service

Is enabled

  • systemctl is-enabled chat.service
disabled

Mask

  • systemctl mask apache2.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/apache2.service to /dev/null.

Unmask

  • systemctl unmask apache2.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/apache2.service.

Status

  • systemctl status chat.service
● chat.service - chat service
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/chat.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Di 2017-10-24 16:20:26 CEST; 17s ago
 Main PID: 10949 (bash)
   CGroup: /system.slice/chat.service
           ├─10949 /bin/bash -c /bin/netcat -l -p 3333 > /tmp/chat.log
           └─10951 /bin/netcat -l -p 3333

Okt 24 16:20:26 bajor.xinux.lan systemd[1]: Started chat service.

List Dependencies

  • systemctl list-dependencies apache2
apache2.service
● ├─system.slice
● ├─network-online.target
● │ ├─networking.service
● │ └─NetworkManager-wait-online.service
● └─sysinit.target
●   ├─apparmor.service
●   ├─brltty.service
●   ├─console-setup.service
...

List Units

  • systemctl list-units
UNIT                                                                                                LOAD   ACTIVE SUB       DESCRIPTION
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount                                                                   loaded active running   Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point
sys-devices-LNXSYSTM:00-LNXSYBUS:00-PNP0A08:00-device:02-ATK0110:00-hwmon-hwmon1.device             loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/device:02/ATK0110:00/hwmon/hwmon1
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:01.0-0000:01:00.0-hwmon-hwmon0.device                                loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0/hwmon/hwmon0
...

List Unit Files

  • systemctl list-unit-files
UNIT FILE                                  STATE   
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount          static  
dev-hugepages.mount                        static  
dev-mqueue.mount                           static  
mnt-data.mount                             enabled 
mnt-media.mount                            enabled 
proc-fs-nfsd.mount                         static  
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount              static  
run-rpc_pipefs.mount                       static  
sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount              static  
sys-kernel-config.mount                    static  
sys-kernel-debug.mount                     static  
acpid.path                                 enabled 
cups.path                                  enabled 
systemd-ask-password-console.path          static  
systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path         static  
systemd-ask-password-wall.path             static  
systemd-networkd-resolvconf-update.path    static  
accounts-daemon.service                    enabled 
acpid.service                              disabled
...

Failed

  • systemctl --failed
0 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.

Löschen der Journalprotokolle für den spezifischen Dienst

  • journalctl --rotate --unit name_des_dienstes.service
  • journalctl --vacuum-time=1s

Isolate Halt

  • systemctl isolate halt

Poweroff

  • systemctl poweroff

Suspend

  • systemctl suspend

Hibernate

  • systemctl hibernate

Reboot

  • systemctl reboot

List Timers

  • systemctl list-timers
NEXT                         LEFT          LAST                         PASSED       UNIT                         ACTIVATES
Di 2017-10-24 21:12:15 CEST  4h 26min left Di 2017-10-24 14:01:54 CEST  2h 44min ago apt-daily.timer              apt-daily.service
Mi 2017-10-25 14:31:55 CEST  21h left      Di 2017-10-24 14:31:55 CEST  2h 14min ago systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
Mo 2017-10-30 03:05:56 CET   5 days left   Di 2017-10-24 14:36:05 CEST  2h 10min ago snapd.refresh.timer          snapd.refresh.service
n/a                          n/a           Di 2017-10-24 14:18:24 CEST  2h 27min ago ureadahead-stop.timer        ureadahead-stop.service

4 timers listed.
Pass --all to see loaded but inactive timers, too.

List Sockets

  • systemctl list-sockets
systemctl list-sockets
LISTEN                          UNIT                            ACTIVATES
/dev/rfkill                     systemd-rfkill.socket           systemd-rfkill.service
/run/acpid.socket               acpid.socket                    acpid.service
/run/dmeventd-client            dm-event.socket                 dm-event.service
/run/dmeventd-server            dm-event.socket                 dm-event.service
/run/lvm/lvmetad.socket         lvm2-lvmetad.socket             lvm2-lvmetad.service
/run/lvm/lvmpolld.socket        lvm2-lvmpolld.socket            lvm2-lvmpolld.service
...

Set Target

  • systemctl -f enable multi-user.target
  • systemctl -f enable graphical.target

Get Default Target

  • systemctl get-default
graphical.target

Changing Target

  • systemctl isolate multi-user.target

Set Default Target

  • systemctl set-default multi-user.target

Show Targets

  • systemctl list-units --type target
UNIT                        LOAD   ACTIVE SUB    DESCRIPTION
basic.target                loaded active active Basic System
bluetooth.target            loaded active active Bluetooth
ceph-mds.target             loaded active active ceph target allowing to start/stop all ceph-mds@.service instances at once
ceph-mon.target             loaded active active ceph target allowing to start/stop all ceph-mon@.service instances at once
...

New Stuff

  • systemctl list-dependencies
  • systemctl cat cron.service
 
# /lib/systemd/system/cron.service
[Unit]
Description=Regular background program processing daemon
Documentation=man:cron(8)
After=remote-fs.target nss-user-lookup.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/cron
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/cron -f $EXTRA_OPTS
IgnoreSIGPIPE=false
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

fstab

  • systemctl daemon-reload erzeug .mounts mit dem Namen des Mountpoints

socket

socket starten anstatt service
  • beispiel cockpit=

systemctl status

  • systemctl statis <PID>

systemd.analyze

Verbesserungsvorschläge

  • systemd-analyze security pakagekit
Abgerufen von „http://wiki.ixheim.de/index.php?title=Systemd_systemctl&oldid=54697“