Server Dienste Minimal: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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= Minimales Linux-Server-Schulungsnetz =
 
= Minimales Linux-Server-Schulungsnetz =
 
== Netzplan ==
 
== Netzplan ==
* 10.20.10.0/24 internes Netz
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
* 172.22.0.0/16 externes Netz (Internet)
+
! Bezeichnung !! IP-Adresse !! Rolle !! Beschreibung
* Server: debian-srv (10.20.10.11)
+
|-
* Server: rocky-srv (10.20.10.12)
+
| debian-srv || 10.20.10.11 || Server (Debian) || Apache2, PHP, Exim, NFS, Samba, DHCP, DNS
* Client: debian-client (10.20.10.51)
+
|-
 +
| rocky-srv || 10.20.10.12 || Server (Rocky Linux) || Nginx, PHP, SFTP
 +
|-
 +
| debian-client || 10.20.10.51 || Client (Debian) || Testsystem für Zugriff und Validierung
 +
|-
 +
| colspan="4" | Netzsegmente:
 +
* 10.20.10.0/24 – internes Labornetz
 +
* 172.22.0.0/16 – externes Netz (Internet)
 +
|}
  
= Apache2 mit PHP (Debian) =
+
*[[Apache2 mit PHP (Debian)]]
*apt install apache2 php libapache2-mod-php -y
+
*[[Nginx mit PHP (Rocky)]]
*echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /var/www/html/info.php
+
*[[Exim (Mailserver minimal)]]
*systemctl enable --now apache2
+
*[[NFS-Server Debian]]
*http://10.20.10.11/info.php prüfen
 
  
= Nginx mit PHP (Rocky) =
+
*[[Samba-Server minimal]]
*yum install nginx php-fpm -y
 
*systemctl enable --now nginx php-fpm
 
*echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php
 
*vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
 
<pre>
 
server {
 
  listen 80;
 
  root /usr/share/nginx/html;
 
  index index.php index.html;
 
  location ~ \.php$ {
 
    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
 
    include fastcgi.conf;
 
  }
 
}
 
</pre>
 
*systemctl reload nginx
 
*http://10.20.10.12/info.php prüfen
 
  
= Exim (Mailserver minimal) =
+
*[[KEA DHCP-Server minimal]]
*apt install exim4 -y
+
*[[DNS-Server (Bind9) kurz und knapp]]
*dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config
 
: Internet-Site
 
: System mail name: lab.local
 
: Smarthost leer
 
: Mail an root: root
 
*echo "Testmail" | mail -s "Exim läuft" root@lab.local
 
  
= NFS-Server =
+
*[[SFTP-Server (Rocky)]]
*apt install nfs-kernel-server -y
 
*mkdir -p /srv/nfs/share
 
*chown nobody:nogroup /srv/nfs/share
 
*echo "/srv/nfs/share 10.20.10.0/24(ro,sync,no_subtree_check)" >> /etc/exports
 
*exportfs -ra
 
*systemctl enable --now nfs-server
 
 
 
= Samba-Server =
 
*apt install samba -y
 
*mkdir -p /srv/samba/share
 
*chmod 777 /srv/samba/share
 
*echo "[share]" >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
 
*echo "  path = /srv/samba/share" >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
 
*echo "  read only = no" >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
 
*echo "  guest ok = yes" >> /etc/samba/smb.conf
 
*systemctl enable --now smbd nmbd
 
 
 
= DHCP-Server =
 
*apt install isc-dhcp-server -y
 
*vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
 
<pre>
 
subnet 10.20.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
 
  range 10.20.10.100 10.20.10.150;
 
  option routers 10.20.10.1;
 
  option domain-name-servers 10.20.10.11;
 
  option domain-name "lab.local";
 
}
 
</pre>
 
*systemctl enable --now isc-dhcp-server
 
 
 
= DNS-Server (Bind9) =
 
*apt install bind9 -y
 
*vi /etc/bind/named.conf.local
 
<pre>
 
zone "lab.local" {
 
  type master;
 
  file "/etc/bind/db.lab.local";
 
};
 
zone "10.20.10.in-addr.arpa" {
 
  type master;
 
  file "/etc/bind/db.10.20.10";
 
};
 
</pre>
 
*cp /etc/bind/db.local /etc/bind/db.lab.local
 
*vi /etc/bind/db.lab.local
 
<pre>
 
$TTL    604800
 
@      IN      SOA    debian-srv.lab.local. root.lab.local. (
 
                        2    ; Serial
 
                        604800 ; Refresh
 
                        86400  ; Retry
 
                        2419200 ; Expire
 
                        604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
 
@      IN      NS      debian-srv.lab.local.
 
debian-srv      IN      A      10.20.10.11
 
rocky-srv      IN      A      10.20.10.12
 
debian-client  IN      A      10.20.10.51
 
</pre>
 
*cp /etc/bind/db.127 /etc/bind/db.10.20.10
 
*vi /etc/bind/db.10.20.10
 
<pre>
 
$TTL 604800
 
@ IN SOA debian-srv.lab.local. root.lab.local. (
 
        2 604800 86400 2419200 604800 )
 
@ IN NS debian-srv.lab.local.
 
11 IN PTR debian-srv.lab.local.
 
12 IN PTR rocky-srv.lab.local.
 
51 IN PTR debian-client.lab.local.
 
</pre>
 
*systemctl enable --now bind9
 
*dig debian-srv.lab.local @10.20.10.11 prüfen
 
 
 
= SFTP-Server (Rocky) =
 
*yum install openssh-server -y
 
*systemctl enable --now sshd
 
*adduser sftpuser
 
*passwd sftpuser
 
*mkdir -p /sftp/files
 
*chown root:root /sftp
 
*chown sftpuser:sftpuser /sftp/files
 
*vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 
<pre>
 
Subsystem sftp internal-sftp
 
Match User sftpuser
 
  ChrootDirectory /sftp
 
  ForceCommand internal-sftp
 
</pre>
 
*systemctl reload sshd
 
*sftp sftpuser@10.20.10.12
 
: cd files
 
: put test.txt
 
  
 
= Test vom Client =
 
= Test vom Client =

Aktuelle Version vom 10. November 2025, 19:54 Uhr

Minimales Linux-Server-Schulungsnetz

Netzplan

Bezeichnung IP-Adresse Rolle Beschreibung
debian-srv 10.20.10.11 Server (Debian) Apache2, PHP, Exim, NFS, Samba, DHCP, DNS
rocky-srv 10.20.10.12 Server (Rocky Linux) Nginx, PHP, SFTP
debian-client 10.20.10.51 Client (Debian) Testsystem für Zugriff und Validierung
Netzsegmente:
  • 10.20.10.0/24 – internes Labornetz
  • 172.22.0.0/16 – externes Netz (Internet)

Test vom Client

  • apt install nfs-common smbclient dnsutils isc-dhcp-client -y
  • mount -t nfs 10.20.10.11:/srv/nfs/share /mnt
  • smbclient //10.20.10.11/share -U guest
  • dig rocky-srv.lab.local @10.20.10.11
  • ping 10.20.10.11