OPNsense OpenVPN: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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Zeile 1: Zeile 1:
−
=User anlegen=
+
=Vorab=
−
*Sytem
+
*Wir sollten immer nur SSL/TLS nutzen
 +
*Dazu müssen wir den DC per Namen auflösen können.
 +
*Und wir brauchen sein Stammzertifikat
 +
 
 +
=Die User kommen von der ADS=
 +
*User haben entwder das Attribut
 +
**'''SamAccountName''' oder '''uid'''
 +
;In der Domain muss ein Binduser und eine Gruppe angelegt sein:
 +
;Binduser: ldapuser
 +
Mit diesem verbindet sich die Opnsense zum DC
 +
*Gruppe: vpnuser
 +
Mitglieder dieser Gruppe dürfen die VPN nutzen.
 +
==Gruppe: vpnuser==
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! Benutzer !! Domain !! Gruppe !! Passwort
 +
|-
 +
| tick  || sec-labs.de || vpnuser  || abcd1234$
 +
|-
 +
| trick  || sec-labs.de || vpnuser  || animoto-8
 +
|-
 +
| track  || sec-labs.de || vpnuser  || Aa123456.
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Server anlegen==
 +
*System
 
**Access
 
**Access
−
***Users
+
***Servers
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! Feld !! Wert
 +
|-
 +
| Descriptive name || openvpn-user
 +
|-
 +
| Type || LDAP
 +
|-
 +
| Hostname or IP address || win2022.sec-labs.de
 +
|-
 +
| Port value || 636
 +
|-
 +
| Transport || SSL - Encrypted
 +
|-
 +
| Protocol version || 3
 +
|-
 +
| Bind credentials || cn=ldapuser,ou=Service,dc=sec-labs,dc=de
 +
|-
 +
| Password || 123Start$
 +
|-
 +
| Search scope || Entire Subtree
 +
|-
 +
| Base DN || dc=sec-labs,dc=de
 +
|-
 +
| Authentication containers || cn=users,dc=sec-labs,dc=de
 +
|-
 +
| Extended Query || memberOf=cn=vpnusers,cn=groups,dc=sec-labs,dc=de
 +
|-
 +
| User naming attribute || uid
 +
|-
 +
| Read properties || ☑
 +
|-
 +
| Synchronize groups || ☑
 +
|-
 +
| Constraint groups || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Limit groups || Nothing selected
 +
|-
 +
| Automatic user creation || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Match case insensitive || ☐
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=CA erstellen=
 +
*System
 +
**Trust
 +
***Authorities
 
****+
 
****+
−
[[Datei:Opnsense-201.png]]
+
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! Feld !! Wert
 +
|-
 +
| Description || opnsense-xin-ca
 +
|-
 +
| Key type || RSA-2048
 +
|-
 +
| Digest Algorithm || SHA256
 +
|-
 +
| Issuer || self-signed
 +
|-
 +
| Lifetime (days) || 825
 +
|-
 +
| Country Code || Germany
 +
|-
 +
| State or Province ||
 +
|-
 +
| City ||
 +
|-
 +
| Organization ||
 +
|-
 +
| Organizational Unit ||
 +
|-
 +
| Email Address ||
 +
|-
 +
| Common Name || opnsense-xin-ca
 +
|-
 +
| OCSP uri ||
 +
|}
  
−
[[Datei:Opnsense-202.png]]
+
=Cert für den Openvpn Server erstellen=
 +
*System
 +
**Trust
 +
***Certificates
 +
****+
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! Feld !! Wert
 +
|-
 +
| Method || Create an internal Certificate
 +
|-
 +
| Description || openserver-cert
 +
|-
 +
| Type || Server Certificate
 +
|-
 +
| Private key location || Save on this firewall
 +
|-
 +
| Key type || RSA-2048
 +
|-
 +
| Digest Algorithm || SHA256
 +
|-
 +
| Issuer || opnsense-xin-ca
 +
|-
 +
| Lifetime (days) || 1825
 +
|-
 +
| Country Code || Germany
 +
|-
 +
| State or Province ||
 +
|-
 +
| City ||
 +
|-
 +
| Organization ||
 +
|-
 +
| Organizational Unit ||
 +
|-
 +
| Email Address ||
 +
|-
 +
| Common Name || opnsense-zw.tuxmen.de
 +
|-
 +
| OCSP uri ||
 +
|}
  
 +
=Konfiguration=
 +
;Static Key generieren
 +
*VPN
 +
**OpenVPN
 +
***Instances
 +
****Static Keys
 +
*****+
 +
Wir wählen Auth als Crypt
 +
*Auf das Zahnrad klicken
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! Feld !! Wert
 +
|-
 +
| Description || unser-key
 +
|-
 +
| Mode || crypt (Encrypt and authenticate)
 +
|-
 +
| Static Key || # 2048 bit OpenVPN static key … (BEGIN/END OpenVPN Static key V1)
 +
|}
 +
;Dern Server konfigurieren
 +
*VPN
 +
**OpenVPN
 +
***Instances
 +
****Instances
 +
*****+
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! Feld !! Wert
 +
|-
 +
| Enforce local group || None
 +
|-
 +
| Strict User/CN Matching || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Renegotiate time ||
 +
|-
 +
| Auth Token Lifetime ||
 +
|-
 +
| Local Network || 10.81.0.0/16
 +
|-
 +
| Remote Network ||
 +
|-
 +
| Options || Nothing selected
 +
|-
 +
| Push Options || Nothing selected
 +
|-
 +
| Redirect gateway || Nothing selected
 +
|-
 +
| Register DNS || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| DNS Default Domain || xinux.org
 +
|-
 +
| DNS Domain search list ||
 +
|-
 +
| DNS Servers || 10.81.0.2
 +
|-
 +
| NTP Servers ||
 +
|}
  
−
[[Datei:Opnsense-203.png]]
+
=Firewall Regeln=
−
 
+
;WAN
−
[[Datei:Opnsense-204.png]]
+
*Firewall
 +
**Rules
 +
***WAN
 +
****+
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! Feld !! Wert
 +
|-
 +
| Action || Pass
 +
|-
 +
| Disabled || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Quick || ☑ (Apply the action immediately on match)
 +
|-
 +
| Interface || WAN
 +
|-
 +
| Direction || in
 +
|-
 +
| TCP/IP Version || IPv4
 +
|-
 +
| Protocol || UDP
 +
|-
 +
| Source Invert || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Source || any
 +
|-
 +
| Destination Invert || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Destination || WAN address
 +
|-
 +
| Destination port range || OpenVPN → OpenVPN
 +
|-
 +
| Log || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Category ||
 +
|-
 +
| Description ||
 +
|-
 +
| No XMLRPC Sync ||
 +
|-
 +
| Schedule || none
 +
|-
 +
| Gateway || default
 +
|}
  
 +
;OpenVPN
 +
*Firewall
 +
**Rules
 +
***OpenVPN
 +
****+
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! Feld !! Wert
 +
|-
 +
| Action || Pass
 +
|-
 +
| Disabled || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Quick || ☑ (Apply the action immediately on match)
 +
|-
 +
| Interface || OpenVPN
 +
|-
 +
| Direction || in
 +
|-
 +
| TCP/IP Version || IPv4
 +
|-
 +
| Protocol || any
 +
|-
 +
| Source Invert || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Source || OpenVPN net
 +
|-
 +
| Destination Invert || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Destination || any
 +
|-
 +
| Destination port range || any → any
 +
|}
  
−
[[Datei:Opnsense-205.png]]
+
=Die Client Konfiguration exportieren=
 +
*VPN
 +
**OpenVPN
 +
***Client Export
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! Feld !! Wert
 +
|-
 +
| Remote Access Server || Unser Server udp/1194
 +
|-
 +
| Export type || File Only
 +
|-
 +
| Hostname || opensense.it2xx.xinmen.de
 +
|-
 +
| Port || 1194
 +
|-
 +
| Use random local port || ☑
 +
|-
 +
| Validate server subject || ☑
 +
|-
 +
| Windows Certificate System Store || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Disable password save || ☐
 +
|-
 +
| Custom config ||
 +
|-
 +
| Certificate || opnsense-cert (ausgewählt)
 +
|}
  
−
[[Datei:Opnsense-206.png]]
 
  
  
−
[[Datei:Opnsense-207.png]]
 
  
−
[[Datei:Opnsense-208.png]]
+
*https://docs.opnsense.org/manual/how-tos/user-ldap.html

Aktuelle Version vom 14. Februar 2026, 09:42 Uhr

Vorab

  • Wir sollten immer nur SSL/TLS nutzen
  • Dazu müssen wir den DC per Namen auflösen können.
  • Und wir brauchen sein Stammzertifikat

Die User kommen von der ADS

  • User haben entwder das Attribut
    • SamAccountName oder uid
In der Domain muss ein Binduser und eine Gruppe angelegt sein
Binduser
ldapuser

Mit diesem verbindet sich die Opnsense zum DC

  • Gruppe: vpnuser

Mitglieder dieser Gruppe dürfen die VPN nutzen.

Gruppe: vpnuser

Benutzer Domain Gruppe Passwort
tick sec-labs.de vpnuser abcd1234$
trick sec-labs.de vpnuser animoto-8
track sec-labs.de vpnuser Aa123456.

Server anlegen

  • System
    • Access
      • Servers
Feld Wert
Descriptive name openvpn-user
Type LDAP
Hostname or IP address win2022.sec-labs.de
Port value 636
Transport SSL - Encrypted
Protocol version 3
Bind credentials cn=ldapuser,ou=Service,dc=sec-labs,dc=de
Password 123Start$
Search scope Entire Subtree
Base DN dc=sec-labs,dc=de
Authentication containers cn=users,dc=sec-labs,dc=de
Extended Query memberOf=cn=vpnusers,cn=groups,dc=sec-labs,dc=de
User naming attribute uid
Read properties ☑
Synchronize groups ☑
Constraint groups ☐
Limit groups Nothing selected
Automatic user creation ☐
Match case insensitive ☐

CA erstellen

  • System
    • Trust
      • Authorities
        • +
Feld Wert
Description opnsense-xin-ca
Key type RSA-2048
Digest Algorithm SHA256
Issuer self-signed
Lifetime (days) 825
Country Code Germany
State or Province
City
Organization
Organizational Unit
Email Address
Common Name opnsense-xin-ca
OCSP uri

Cert für den Openvpn Server erstellen

  • System
    • Trust
      • Certificates
        • +
Feld Wert
Method Create an internal Certificate
Description openserver-cert
Type Server Certificate
Private key location Save on this firewall
Key type RSA-2048
Digest Algorithm SHA256
Issuer opnsense-xin-ca
Lifetime (days) 1825
Country Code Germany
State or Province
City
Organization
Organizational Unit
Email Address
Common Name opnsense-zw.tuxmen.de
OCSP uri

Konfiguration

Static Key generieren
  • VPN
    • OpenVPN
      • Instances
        • Static Keys
          • +

Wir wählen Auth als Crypt

  • Auf das Zahnrad klicken
Feld Wert
Description unser-key
Mode crypt (Encrypt and authenticate)
Static Key # 2048 bit OpenVPN static key … (BEGIN/END OpenVPN Static key V1)
Dern Server konfigurieren
  • VPN
    • OpenVPN
      • Instances
        • Instances
          • +
Feld Wert
Enforce local group None
Strict User/CN Matching ☐
Renegotiate time
Auth Token Lifetime
Local Network 10.81.0.0/16
Remote Network
Options Nothing selected
Push Options Nothing selected
Redirect gateway Nothing selected
Register DNS ☐
DNS Default Domain xinux.org
DNS Domain search list
DNS Servers 10.81.0.2
NTP Servers

Firewall Regeln

WAN
  • Firewall
    • Rules
      • WAN
        • +
Feld Wert
Action Pass
Disabled ☐
Quick ☑ (Apply the action immediately on match)
Interface WAN
Direction in
TCP/IP Version IPv4
Protocol UDP
Source Invert ☐
Source any
Destination Invert ☐
Destination WAN address
Destination port range OpenVPN → OpenVPN
Log ☐
Category
Description
No XMLRPC Sync
Schedule none
Gateway default
OpenVPN
  • Firewall
    • Rules
      • OpenVPN
        • +
Feld Wert
Action Pass
Disabled ☐
Quick ☑ (Apply the action immediately on match)
Interface OpenVPN
Direction in
TCP/IP Version IPv4
Protocol any
Source Invert ☐
Source OpenVPN net
Destination Invert ☐
Destination any
Destination port range any → any

Die Client Konfiguration exportieren

  • VPN
    • OpenVPN
      • Client Export
Feld Wert
Remote Access Server Unser Server udp/1194
Export type File Only
Hostname opensense.it2xx.xinmen.de
Port 1194
Use random local port ☑
Validate server subject ☑
Windows Certificate System Store ☐
Disable password save ☐
Custom config
Certificate opnsense-cert (ausgewählt)



Abgerufen von „http://wiki.ixheim.de/index.php?title=OPNsense_OpenVPN&oldid=66878“