Exkurs Partionieren, Formatieren und Mounten

Wir hängen eine Disk an den Client

• Ändern
  • Massenspeicher
    • Controller: SATA
      • +
        • Erzeugen
          • VDI
            • Volle Grösse nicht ankreuzen
              • • 20GB
                  • Auswählen
                    • OK

Fdisk

• Linux fdisk

In den interaktiven Modus gelangen

• fdisk /dev/sdb

Print Partition Table

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK   
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4ae7dc2c

Partition erstellen

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 2048
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +5G

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 5 GiB.

Partionstyp ändern

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 7
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'HPFS/NTFS/exFAT'.

Weiter Partitionen

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): 

Using default response p.
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (10487808-41943039, default 10487808): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (10487808-41943039, default 41943039): +10G

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): 

Using default response p.
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 
First sector (31459328-41943039, default 31459328): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (31459328-41943039, default 41943039): 

Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 5 GiB.

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 82

Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'.

Resulat anschauen

Command (m for help): p

 
Disk /dev/sdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk model: VBOX HARDDISK   
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4ae7dc2c

Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1           2048 10487807 10485760   5G  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb2       10487808 31459327 20971520  10G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3       31459328 41943039 10483712   5G 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Abspeichern

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

Formatieren

NTFS

• mkfs.ntfs -f /dev/sdb1

EXT4

• mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2

SWAP

• mkswap /dev/sdb3

Einhängen von Partitionen manuell

Einhängepunkte erstellen

• mkdir /mnt/data
• mkdir /mnt/misc

Mountieren

• mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/data
• mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/misc

Aktiveren des SWAP

• mkswap /dev/sdb3
• swapon /dev/sbd3

Anzeigen der Dateisysteme

• mount | grep sdb

/dev/sdb2 on /mnt/data type ext4 (rw,relatime)
/dev/sdb1 on /mnt/misc type fuseblk (rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096)

Anzeigen des aktiven SWAPs

• cat /proc/swaps

Filename				Type		Size		Used		Priority
/dev/sdb3                               partition	5241852		0		-2

Einhängen von Partitionen Rebootfähig

Einhängepunkte erstellen

• mkdir /mnt/data
• mkdir /mnt/misc

UUID der Blockdevices rausfinden

• blkid

/dev/sdb2: UUID="b2d05c9b-e78c-4ebf-9ae9-e2a363d5d4ff" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="4ae7dc2c-02"
/dev/sdb3: UUID="9ca10933-158c-4436-ac3c-36b0214ce746" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="4ae7dc2c-03"
/dev/sdb1: BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="6F1F3B8D2BEE292E" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="4ae7dc2c-01"
/dev/sda1: UUID="e6197f85-865f-4bd6-8c04-6acde3274fea" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="5f8bb37c-01"

Einträge in die /etc/fstab

Für die Dateisysteme

UUID MOUNTPOINT DATEISYSTEN OPTIONEN
UUID=b2d05c9b-e78c-4ebf-9ae9-e2a363d5d4ff  /mnt/data  ext4 defaults 
UUID=6F1F3B8D2BEE292E /mnt/misc ntfs default

Sonderfall SWAP

UUID none swap OPTIONEN
UUID=9ca10933-158c-4436-ac3c-36b0214ce746 none swap defaults

Reboot

• systemctl reboot

Kontrolle

• lsblk

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda      8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    5G  0 part /mnt/misc
├─sda2   8:2    0   10G  0 part /mnt/data
└─sda3   8:3    0    5G  0 part [SWAP]
sdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0   20G  0 part /
sr0     11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

Welches Format befindet sich auf der Partition?

• file -s /dev/sda1

/dev/sda1: DOS/MBR boot sector, code offset 0x52+2, OEM-ID "NTFS    ", sectors/cluster 8, Media descriptor 0xf8, sectors/track 63, heads 255, hidden sectors 2048, dos < 4.0 BootSector (0x80), FAT (1Y bit by descriptor); NTFS, sectors/track 63, sectors 10485759, $MFT start cluster 4, $MFTMirror start cluster 655359, bytes/RecordSegment 2^(-1*246), clusters/index block 1, serial number 06f1f3b8d2bee292e

• file -s /dev/sda2

/dev/sda2: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=b2d05c9b-e78c-4ebf-9ae9-e2a363d5d4ff (needs journal recovery) (extents) (64bit) (large files) (huge files)

• ile -s /dev/sda3

/dev/sda3: Linux swap file, 4k page size, little endian, version 1, size 1310463 pages, 0 bad pages, no label, UUID=9ca10933-158c-4436-ac3c-36b0214ce746