OPNsense Grundkonfiguration: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

Aus Xinux Wiki
Zur Navigation springen Zur Suche springen
 
(16 dazwischenliegende Versionen von 2 Benutzern werden nicht angezeigt)
Zeile 1: Zeile 1:
= OPNsense Grundkonfiguration – vom Werkszustand zu eigenen Netzen =
* Animation: [https://xinux.org/opnsense-grundkonfiguration.html OPNsense-Grundkonfiguration] ([https://xinux.org/opnsense-grundkonfiguration-einfach.html einfach]), mit abgesicherter Verwaltung, WAN-Interface, eigenen Netzen, NAT ohne Zugriff auf fremde DMZs, Firewall-Regeln mit Alias, Weg zu anderen DMZs über eine eigene Route, Name und Zertifikat, Fehlerbilder
=System: Settings: Administration=
=System: Settings: Administration=
  (x)  Enable HTTP Strict Transport Security                
  (x)  Enable HTTP Strict Transport Security
  TCP port 4444
  TCP port 4444
  (x) Disable web GUI redirect rule            
  (x) Disable web GUI redirect rule
  (x) Disable DNS Rebinding Checks                    
  (x) Disable DNS Rebinding Checks
  (x) Enable Secure Shell              
  (x) Enable Secure Shell
  (x) Permit root user login    
  (x) Permit root user login
  (x) Permit password login                            
  (x) Permit password login
  SSH PORT 2222  
  SSH PORT 2222
=System: Gateway: Configuration=
=System: Gateway: Configuration=
  WANGW 192.168.4.254
  WANGW 192.168.HS.254
  Interface: WAN
  Interface: WAN
  (x) Upstream Gateway
  (x) Upstream Gateway
Zeile 17: Zeile 21:
  ( ) Block private networks
  ( ) Block private networks
  IPv4 Configuration Type:  Static IPv4
  IPv4 Configuration Type:  Static IPv4
  192.168.4.2xx/24
  192.168.HS.2XX/24
  GW: WANGW
  GW: WANGW
=Interfaces: Assignments=
=Interfaces: Assignments=
  em2: DMZ
  em2: DMZ
Zeile 37: Zeile 42:
  IPv4 Configuration Type: Static IPv4
  IPv4 Configuration Type: Static IPv4
  IPv4 address: 172.17.2xx.1/24
  IPv4 address: 172.17.2xx.1/24
=Hinweis=
;Am Client DHCP Adresse neubeziehen


=Firewall=
=Firewall=
Zeile 42: Zeile 49:
  Disable reply-to: (x) Disable reply-to on WAN rules
  Disable reply-to: (x) Disable reply-to on WAN rules


==Firewall: NAT: Outbound==
==Firewall: NAT: Source NAT==
Mode: Manual Source NAT rule generation
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Interface !! Source !! Source Port !! Destination !! Destination Port !! NAT Address !! NAT Port !! Static Port !! Description
! Interface !! Version !! Protocol !! Source !! Port !! Destination !! Port !! Translate Source IP !! Translate Source Port !! Description
|-
|-
| WAN || INSIDE net || * || * || * || Interface address || * || NO ||
| WAN || IPv4 || * || LAN network || * || * || * || Interface address || * || LAN ins Internet
|-
|-
| WAN || SERVER net || * || * || * || Interface address || * || NO ||
| WAN || IPv4 || * || DMZ network || * || ! 10.88.0.0/16 || * || Interface address || * || DMZ ins Internet, kein NAT zu den anderen DMZs
|-
|-
| WAN || DMZ net || * || ! 10.88.0.0/16 || * || Interface address || * || NO ||
| WAN || IPv4 || * || SERVER network || * || * || * || Interface address || * || SERVER ins Internet
|}
|}
==Firewall: Rules==
==Firewall: Rules==
Alle Regeln mit '''Action: Pass''' und '''Direction: in''', Interface '''WAN'''.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Interface !! Protocol !! Source !! Port !! Destination !! Port !! Gateway !! Schedule !! Description
! Interface !! Version !! Protocol !! Source !! Port !! Destination !! Port !! Gateway !! Description
|-
| DMZ || IPv4 * || DMZ net || * || * || * || * || * ||
|-
|-
| SERVER || IPv4 * || SERVER net || * || * || * || * || * ||  
| WAN || IPv4 || ICMP || * || * || * || * || * || Ping generell von Aussen
|-
|-
| INSIDE || IPv4 * || INSIDE net || * || * || * || * || * ||  
| LAN || IPv4 || *  || LAN network || * || * || * || * || LAN to any
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! Interface !! Protocol !! Source !! Port !! Destination !! Port !! Gateway !! Schedule !! Description
|-
|-
| WAN || IPv4 TCP || HOST || * || WAN address || 2222 || * || * ||  
| DMZ || IPv4 || *  || DMZ network || * || * || * || * || DMZ to any
|-
|-
| WAN || IPv4 TCP || HOST || * || WAN address || 4444 || * || * ||
| SERVER || IPv4 || * || SERVER network || * || * || * || * || SERVER to any
|-
| WAN || IPv4 ICMP || * || * || * || * || * || * ||  
|}
|}
=System: Gateways: Configuration=
=System: Gateways: Configuration=
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Zeile 106: Zeile 110:
=Zertifikat einpflegen=
=Zertifikat einpflegen=
;Zertifikat holen
;Zertifikat holen
*wget https://web.samogo.de/certs/it213.xinmen.de.tgz
*wget https://web.samogo.de/certs/it2XX.xinmen.de.tgz
;Entpacken
;Entpacken
*tar -xvzf it2*.xinmen.de.tgz
*tar -xvzf it2*.xinmen.de.tgz
Zeile 114: Zeile 118:
privkey.pem
privkey.pem
;Hostname IP Test
;Hostname IP Test
*host opnsense.it2XX.xinmen.de  
*host opnsense.it2XX.xinmen.de
opnsense.it2XX.xinmen.de has address 192.168.HS.2XX
opnsense.it2XX.xinmen.de has address 192.168.HS.2XX
==Zertifikat aufteilen==
Die fullchain.pem enthält 4 Zertifikate. OPNsense nimmt pro Eintrag nur eines.
;Aufteilen
*csplit -z -f cert- fullchain.pem '/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----/' '{*}'
<pre>
cert-00  eigenes Zertifikat
cert-01  Zwischenzertifikat
cert-02  Zwischenzertifikat
cert-03  Zwischenzertifikat
</pre>
==System: Trust: Authorities==
Für cert-03, cert-02 und cert-01 (in dieser Reihenfolge) jeweils:
*+
**Import an existing Certificate Authority
**Description: le-chain-3 (bzw. le-chain-2, le-chain-1)
;Certificate data
Hier muss der Inhalt von cert-03 (bzw. cert-02, cert-01) rein.
;Private key data
Bleibt leer.
;Dann sichern
==System: Trust: Certificates==
==System: Trust: Certificates==
*+
*+
**Import existing Certificate
**Import an existing Certificate
**Description: star.it2XX.xinmen.de
**Description: star.it2XX.xinmen.de
;Certificate data
;Certificate data
Hier muss der Inhalt von fullchain.pem rein.
Hier muss der Inhalt von cert-00 rein.
;Private key data
;Private key data
Hier muss der Inhalt von privakey.pem rein.
Hier muss der Inhalt von privkey.pem rein.
;Dann sichern
;Dann sichern
Hintergrund: [[Let's Encrypt Zertifikatskette (Generation Y) in OPNsense]]
==System: Trust: Certificates==
*[[Let's Encrypt Zertifikatskette (Generation Y) in OPNsense]]
==System: Settings: Administration==
==System: Settings: Administration==
*SSL Certificate: star.it2XX.xinmen.de
*SSL Certificate: star.it2XX.xinmen.de
===Dann Zertifikat testen===
===Dann Zertifikat testen===
*https://opnsense.it2XX.xinmen.de:4444/
*https://opnsense.it2XX.xinmen.de:4444/

Aktuelle Version vom 2. November 2026, 17:05 Uhr

OPNsense Grundkonfiguration – vom Werkszustand zu eigenen Netzen

  • Animation: OPNsense-Grundkonfiguration (einfach), mit abgesicherter Verwaltung, WAN-Interface, eigenen Netzen, NAT ohne Zugriff auf fremde DMZs, Firewall-Regeln mit Alias, Weg zu anderen DMZs über eine eigene Route, Name und Zertifikat, Fehlerbilder

System: Settings: Administration

(x)  Enable HTTP Strict Transport Security
TCP port 4444
(x) Disable web GUI redirect rule
(x) Disable DNS Rebinding Checks
(x) Enable Secure Shell
(x) Permit root user login
(x) Permit password login
SSH PORT 2222

System: Gateway: Configuration

WANGW 192.168.HS.254
Interface: WAN
(x) Upstream Gateway

Interfaces: WAN

( ) Block bogon networks
( ) Block private networks
IPv4 Configuration Type:  Static IPv4
192.168.HS.2XX/24
GW: WANGW

Interfaces: Assignments

em2: DMZ
em3: SERVER

Interfaces: SERVER

Enable (x)
IPv4 Configuration Type: Static IPv4
IPv4 address: 10.0.10.1/24

Interfaces: DMZ

Enable (x)
IPv4 Configuration Type: Static IPv4
IPv4 address: 10.88.2xx.1/24

Services: Dnsmasq DNS & DHCP

DHCP Range: 172.17.2xx.100 bis 172.17.2xx.200

Interfaces: LAN

Enable (x)
IPv4 Configuration Type: Static IPv4
IPv4 address: 172.17.2xx.1/24

Hinweis

Am Client DHCP Adresse neubeziehen

Firewall

Firewall: Settings: Advanced

Disable reply-to: (x) Disable reply-to on WAN rules

Firewall: NAT: Source NAT

Mode: Manual Source NAT rule generation
Interface Version Protocol Source Port Destination Port Translate Source IP Translate Source Port Description
WAN IPv4 * LAN network * * * Interface address * LAN ins Internet
WAN IPv4 * DMZ network * ! 10.88.0.0/16 * Interface address * DMZ ins Internet, kein NAT zu den anderen DMZs
WAN IPv4 * SERVER network * * * Interface address * SERVER ins Internet

Firewall: Rules

Alle Regeln mit Action: Pass und Direction: in, Interface WAN.

Interface Version Protocol Source Port Destination Port Gateway Description
WAN IPv4 ICMP * * * * * Ping generell von Aussen
LAN IPv4 * LAN network * * * * LAN to any
DMZ IPv4 * DMZ network * * * * DMZ to any
SERVER IPv4 * SERVER network * * * * SERVER to any

System: Gateways: Configuration

Parameter Wert
Name DNSGW
Interface WAN
Address Family IPv4
Priority 255
IP Address 192.168.HS.88
Upstream Gateway ( )

System: Routes: Configuration

Parameter Wert
Disabled No
Network Address 10.88.0.0/16
Gateway DNSGW - 192.168.4.88
Description UNSERE DMZs

Systemnamen setzen

System: Settings: General

  • Hostname: opnsense
  • Domain: it213.xinmen.de

Zertifikat einpflegen

Zertifikat holen
Entpacken
  • tar -xvzf it2*.xinmen.de.tgz
Zertifikat

fullchain.pem

Private Schlüssel

privkey.pem

Hostname IP Test
  • host opnsense.it2XX.xinmen.de

opnsense.it2XX.xinmen.de has address 192.168.HS.2XX

Zertifikat aufteilen

Die fullchain.pem enthält 4 Zertifikate. OPNsense nimmt pro Eintrag nur eines.

Aufteilen
  • csplit -z -f cert- fullchain.pem '/-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----/' '{*}'
cert-00   eigenes Zertifikat
cert-01   Zwischenzertifikat
cert-02   Zwischenzertifikat
cert-03   Zwischenzertifikat

System: Trust: Authorities

Für cert-03, cert-02 und cert-01 (in dieser Reihenfolge) jeweils:

  • +
    • Import an existing Certificate Authority
    • Description: le-chain-3 (bzw. le-chain-2, le-chain-1)
Certificate data

Hier muss der Inhalt von cert-03 (bzw. cert-02, cert-01) rein.

Private key data

Bleibt leer.

Dann sichern

System: Trust: Certificates

  • +
    • Import an existing Certificate
    • Description: star.it2XX.xinmen.de
Certificate data

Hier muss der Inhalt von cert-00 rein.

Private key data

Hier muss der Inhalt von privkey.pem rein.

Dann sichern

Hintergrund: Let's Encrypt Zertifikatskette (Generation Y) in OPNsense

System: Trust: Certificates

System: Settings: Administration

  • SSL Certificate: star.it2XX.xinmen.de

Dann Zertifikat testen