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| (9 dazwischenliegende Versionen desselben Benutzers werden nicht angezeigt) |
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| '''Howto'''
| | *[[Raid]] |
| =Einrichten=
| | *[[Mdadm Grundlagen]] |
| ==Installation==
| | *[[Mdadm Howto]] |
| *apt-get install mdadm
| | *[[Aufgaben zu mdadm]] |
| ==Raid 0==
| |
| *mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/vda5 /dev/vda6
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| ==Raid 1==
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| *mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/vda7 /dev/vda8
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| ==Raid 5==
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| *mdadm -C /dev/md2 -l 5 -n 3 /dev/vda9 /dev/vda10 /dev/vda11
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| ==Raid 10==
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| *mdadm -C /dev/md3 -l 10 -n 4 /dev/vda12 /dev/vda13 /dev/vda14 /dev/vda15
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| ==Mountpoints erzeugen==
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| *mkdir /mnt/raid{0,1,5,10}
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| ==Dateisystem aufbringen==
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| *mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
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| *mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1
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| *mkfs.ext4 /dev/md2
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| *mkfs.ext4 /dev/md3
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| ==Mounten==
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| *mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid0
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| *mount /dev/md1 /mnt/raid1
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| *mount /dev/md2 /mnt/raid5 | |
| *mount /dev/md3 /mnt/raid10
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| ==Verfügbarer Speicher==
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| *df -h -t ext4
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| <pre>
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| Dateisystem Größe Benutzt Verf. Verw% Eingehängt auf
| |
| /dev/vda1 50G 25G 23G 53% /
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| /dev/md0 20G 24K 19G 1% /mnt/raid0
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| /dev/md1 9,8G 24K 9,3G 1% /mnt/raid1
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| /dev/md2 20G 24K 19G 1% /mnt/raid5
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| /dev/md3 20G 24K 19G 1% /mnt/raid10
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| </pre>
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| | |
| =Kontrolle=
| |
| * cat /proc/mdstat
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| <pre>
| |
| Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
| |
| md3 : active raid10 vda15[3] vda14[2] vda13[1] vda12[0]
| |
| 20953088 blocks super 1.2 512K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU]
| |
| [=============>.......] resync = 68.4% (14344640/20953088) finish=0.5min speed=202328K/sec
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|
| |
| md2 : active raid5 vda11[3] vda10[1] vda9[0]
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| 20953088 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
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|
| |
| md1 : active raid1 vda8[1] vda7[0]
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| 10476544 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
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|
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| md0 : active raid0 vda6[1] vda5[0]
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| 20953088 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
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| </pre>
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| =Bootvorgang=
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| *Entweder wird die Konfiguration im Persistent Superlock ausgelesen
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| *oder in der Konfigurationsdatei /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
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| *Raid Funktion ist in der Regel in der Ramdisk vorhanden
| |
| *Es werden bei 0xFD Partitionstyp die Partitionen automatisch zu md-Devices assembliert und gestartet
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| ==Manuelles Zusammenbauen==
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| *mdadm -A /dev/md0 /dev/vda5 /dev/vda6
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| *mdadm -A /dev/md1 /dev/vda7 /dev/vda7
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| *mdadm -A /dev/md2 /dev/vda9 /dev/vda10 /dev/vda11
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| *mdadm -A /dev/md3 /dev/vda12 /dev/vda13 /dev/vda14 /dev/vda15
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| ==Erstellen der Datei /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf==
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| ;Normalerweise nicht notwendig
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| *cd /etc/mdadm
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| *echo 'DEVICE /dev/vd*[0-15] ' > mdadm.conf
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| *mdadm --detail --scan >> mdadm.conf
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| =Arbeiten am Raid=
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| ==Partition fehlerhaft setzen==
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| *mdadm /dev/md1 -f /dev/vda8
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| ==Partition entfernen==
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| *mdadm /dev/md1 -r /dev/vda8
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| ==Partition hinzufügen==
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| *mdadm /dev/md1 -a /dev/vda16
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| | |
| ==Raid stoppen==
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| *umount /dev/raid0
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| *mdadm -S /dev/md0
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| ==Raid wieder starten==
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| *mdadm -A /dev/md0 /dev/vda5 /dev/vda6
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| *mount -t ext4 /dev/md0 /mnt/raid0
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| | |
| ==Raid Info==
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| *mdadm -D /dev/md0
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| <pre>
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| /dev/md0:
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| Version : 1.2
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| Creation Time : Thu Mar 3 09:55:06 2022
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| Raid Level : raid0
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| Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
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| Raid Devices : 2
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| Total Devices : 2
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| Persistence : Superblock is persistent
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| | |
| Update Time : Thu Mar 3 09:55:06 2022
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| State : clean
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| Active Devices : 2
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| Working Devices : 2
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| Failed Devices : 0
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| Spare Devices : 0
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| | |
| Layout : -unknown-
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| Chunk Size : 512K
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| | |
| Consistency Policy : none
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| | |
| Name : debian-template:0 (local to host debian-template)
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| UUID : 3b7816b2:787704c6:db24d9de:55dbcfe8
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| Events : 0
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| | |
| Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
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| 0 254 5 0 active sync /dev/vda5
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| 1 254 6 1 active sync /dev/vda6
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| </pre>
| |
| | |
| ==Superblock untersuchen==
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| Dieser liegt redundant auf allen Partionen des Raid
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| *mdadm -E /dev/vda7
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| <pre>
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| /dev/vda7:
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| Magic : a92b4efc
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| Version : 1.2
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| Feature Map : 0x0
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| Array UUID : 1568fb90:9dd8bc83:f06bc9fe:2dcba200
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| Name : debian-template:1 (local to host debian-template)
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| Creation Time : Thu Mar 3 09:58:15 2022
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| Raid Level : raid1
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| Raid Devices : 2
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| | |
| Avail Dev Size : 20953088 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
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| Array Size : 10476544 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
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| Data Offset : 18432 sectors
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| Super Offset : 8 sectors
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| Unused Space : before=18280 sectors, after=0 sectors
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| State : clean
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| Device UUID : 8e4801ba:56f5569e:8e03aa0e:e73190c6
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| | |
| Update Time : Thu Mar 3 10:33:11 2022
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| Bad Block Log : 512 entries available at offset 136 sectors
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| Checksum : 360eb7a9 - correct
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| Events : 45
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| | |
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| Device Role : Active device 0
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| Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing, 'R' == replacing)
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| | |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| ==Scanne alle Partitionen und Devices und baue sie zu md0 sofern im Superblock 0 aufgeführt==
| |
| mdadm -Ac partitions -m 0 /dev/md0
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| | |
| ==Scanne alle Partitionen und Devices und baue sie zu md1 sofern im Superblock 1 aufgeführt==
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| mdadm -Ac partitions -m 1 /dev/md1
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| | |
| ==Konfiguration updaten==
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| mdadm -Ds > /etc/mdadm.conf
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| ==Superblock löschen==
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| mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sda11
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| ==Partition anschalten==
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| mdadm --run /dev/sd11
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| | |
| ==Partition schreibbar setzen==
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| mdadm --readwrite /dev/sd11
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| | |
| =Synchronisationsgeschwindigkeit=
| |
| anzeigen
| |
| cat /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_max
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| 200000
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| cat /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_min
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| 1000
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| erhöhen
| |
| echo 50000 > /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_min
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| | |
| =SATA RAID=
| |
| *https://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/SataRaid
| |