Firewall-Nat-Linux - Netzwerk und Serveradministration: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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Zeile 18: Zeile 18:
 
auto enp0s3
 
auto enp0s3
 
iface enp0s3 inet static
 
iface enp0s3 inet static
  address 192.168.9.2XX/24
+
  address 192.168.Y.2XX/24
  gateway 192.168.9.254
+
  gateway 192.168.Y.254
 
  post-up ip route add 10.88.0.0/16 via 192.168.Y.88
 
  post-up ip route add 10.88.0.0/16 via 192.168.Y.88
post-up /usr/local/sbin/nat.sh
+
 
  
 
#LAN
 
#LAN
Zeile 54: Zeile 54:
 
  search it2XX.int
 
  search it2XX.int
 
  nameserver 192.168.Y.88
 
  nameserver 192.168.Y.88
=Nat=
 
*cat /usr/local/sbin/nat.sh
 
<pre>
 
#!/bin/bash
 
LAN="172.16.2XX.0/24"
 
SERVERS="10.2XX.1.0/24"
 
DMZ="10.88.2XX.0/24"
 
#Nat Regeln flushen
 
iptables -t nat -F
 
#Nat Regelen setzen
 
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s $DMZ -d 192.168.Y.0/24 -j RETURN
 
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s $DMZ -d 10.88.0.0/16 -j RETURN
 
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s $DMZ -o enp0s3 -j MASQUERADE
 
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s $LAN -o enp0s3 -j MASQUERADE
 
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s $SERVERS -o enp0s3 -j MASQUERADE
 
</pre>
 
*chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/nat.sh
 
 
=NAT mit nftables=
 
=NAT mit nftables=
 +
;Datei erstellen, alles was drin ist kann raus
 +
*cat /etc/nftables.conf
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
#!/usr/sbin/nft -f
 
#!/usr/sbin/nft -f
Zeile 105: Zeile 90:
 
}
 
}
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 +
;Firewall aktivieren
 +
*systemctl enable nftables --now
 +
 
=Forward=
 
=Forward=
*echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
+
*echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" > /etc/sysctl.d/99-ipforward.conf
*sysctl -p
+
*sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-ipforward.conf
 +
 
 
=Reboot=
 
=Reboot=
 
*systemctl reboot
 
*systemctl reboot

Aktuelle Version vom 27. März 2026, 13:27 Uhr

Erklärung

  • XX = Platznummer
  • Y = Klassensaal

Hostname

  • hostnamectl set-hostname fw.it2XX.int

Interfaces

  • cat /etc/network/interfaces
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
#WAN
auto enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet static
 address 192.168.Y.2XX/24
 gateway 192.168.Y.254
 post-up ip route add 10.88.0.0/16 via 192.168.Y.88


#LAN
auto enp0s8
iface enp0s8 inet static
 address 172.16.2XX.1/24

#DMZ
auto enp0s9
iface enp0s9 inet static
 address 10.88.2XX.1/24

#SERVERS
auto enp0s10
iface enp0s10 inet static
 address 10.2XX.1.1/24

Hosts

  • cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1        localhost
127.0.1.1        fw.it2XX.int fw

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1      localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

Resolver

  • cat /etc/resolv.conf
search it2XX.int
nameserver 192.168.Y.88

NAT mit nftables

Datei erstellen, alles was drin ist kann raus
  • cat /etc/nftables.conf
#!/usr/sbin/nft -f

# Variablen
define LAN = 172.16.2XX.0/24
define SERVERS = 10.2XX.1.0/24
define DMZ = 10.88.2XX.0/24

# Alte Regeln löschen (flush)
flush table ip nat

# NAT-Tabelle erstellen/verwenden
table ip nat {
    chain postrouting {
        type nat hook postrouting priority 100; policy accept;
        
        # DMZ nach 192.168.Y.0/24 - kein NAT (RETURN)
        ip saddr $DMZ ip daddr 192.168.Y.0/24 return
        
        # DMZ nach 10.88.0.0/16 - kein NAT (RETURN)
        ip saddr $DMZ ip daddr 10.88.0.0/16 return
        
        # DMZ nach außen (enp0s3) - Masquerade
        ip saddr $DMZ oif enp0s3 masquerade
        
        # LAN nach außen - Masquerade
        ip saddr $LAN oif enp0s3 masquerade
        
        # SERVERS nach außen - Masquerade
        ip saddr $SERVERS oif enp0s3 masquerade
    }
}
Firewall aktivieren
  • systemctl enable nftables --now

Forward

  • echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" > /etc/sysctl.d/99-ipforward.conf
  • sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-ipforward.conf

Reboot

  • systemctl reboot